4 comments / Posted on by

Many Americans remember Dr. Walter Reed as the man who led the research team that discovered that Aedes genus mosquitoes were the disease vector responsible for transmitting yellow fever virus. However, few people know about the man whom Dr. Reed himself credited with the discovery. This man's name was Carlo Finlay and this is his story. 

From its introduction in the United States in 1699 through the early 20th Century, yellow fever killed thousands of Americans in cities across the country. An outbreak in Philadelphia in 1793 killed ten percent of the population, outbreaks in New Orleans over the 19th Century killed tens of thousands, and an outbreak affecting St. Louis, Memphis, Vicksburg, and New Orleans in 1878 killed more than twenty thousand. Most of these outbreaks originated in port cities, transmitted from ships arriving from the Caribbean countries, particularly Cuba.

Yellow fever was endemic in Cuba, but most Cubans had immunity to the virus, having been infected as children. Yellow fever is nowhere near as deadly to children as it is to adults, so very few Cubans died from the diseases. However, those not immune to the virus were at grave risk. During the Second War for Cuban Independence, an estimated 16,000 Spanish soldiers died from yellow fever, and after the Spanish-American War, an estimated 5,000 U.S. soldiers died from the disease. 

Decades before the wars, in 1881, Cuban-Spanish physician Carlos Finlay made the hypothesis that Aedes genus mosquitoes were carriers of the diseases and transmitted the virus through bites. At the time, viruses were not known to exist, and diseases like yellow fever and malaria were thought to be caused by poor sanitation [malaria itself comes from the Latin words mal (bad) and aria (air)]. Yellow fever was actually the first virus to be discovered in history. 

In 1900, a research team led by Walter Reed confirmed Aedes mosquitoes as the transmitters of yellow fever after extensive human experimentation and the deaths of one of the primary researchers, Jesse Lazear, and a nurse who volunteered to be infected, Clara Maass. 

Although Carlo Finlay's original experiments were crude and discredited by many skeptics, his experiments formed the basis for Reed's later experiments and Reed sourced much of his information from papers written by Finlay. In addition, Finlay allowed Jesse Lazear to use his research and mosquito larvae. For this reason, Walter Reed credited Finlay for discovery the vector for yellow fever. For his work in the field, Carlos Finlay was awarded the Legion of Honour, France's highest decoration, and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine seven times before his death in 1915. 

4 comments

  • Posted on by Annasysneedo

    download facebook spy tool

    dragon ball z vs naruto games free download for pcdownload fl studio 12 full version free for windows 10download quicktime for windows 10 64 bitfifa 12 pc game free download full version crack3d bus simulator games free download for pcea sports cricket 17 pc game free download full versiondownload google chrome latest version for windows 10 64 bitbully pc game download highly compressedcastaway paradise free download pckcast download for windows xp free
    download sound booster free for pc

    crush eggs game free download for pc

    download encarta dictionary for windows 10

    bully scholarship edition pc download free full version windows 10

    download japanese language pack windows 10

    bike racing games for pc windows 10 free download

    youtube downloader hd free download software for windows 7 free

    asphalt 9 free download highly compressed for pc

    free games download full version pc games windows 7

    arduino download for windows 10 64 bit

    jw player download for windows 10
    7zip for windows 10 free download
    can i download windows 10 on a windows 7 computer
    fernbus simulator full pc game download and install
    bluestacks emulator for windows 10 download

    https://chromebrowser.ru/esxi-customizer-windows-10-download-esxi/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/magic-lantern-canon-t5i-ready-to-get-started/
    https://bestsmiles.net.ru/download-themes-for-windows-10-free-windows-themes/
    https://mixpresent.ru/pokemon-go-apk-0-39-1-download-pokemon-go-0-209-0/
    https://bestsmiles.net.ru/download-software-for-pc-windows-10-free-download/

    avery label software download windows 10
    java jre 1.6 download for windows 7 free
    dell webcam central windows 10 download free
    dragon ball games download free for pc
    download house of the dead 2 pc game full version

    adobe photoshop elements free download full version for windows 10
    windows xp original free download free
    windows 7 toolbar for xp download free
    eclipse java free download windows 7 free
    windows 10 enterprise iso free download free

    amd radeon r7 m340 driver download windows 10
    flash adobe player download windows 10
    free backgammon download for windows 10 free
    instagram for windows 10 desktop download
    download nero for windows 10 64 bit free

    https://mixpresent.ru/halo-5-olympia-vale-locked-female-characters/
    https://mixpresent.ru/wildstar-protogames-academy-solo-protogames/
    https://mixpresent.ru/intel-centrino-advanced-n-wimax-6250-driver-intel/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/microsoft-12-days-of-deals-leak-microsoft-12-days-2/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/hp-3005pr-usb-3-0-port-replicator-driver-support/

    gdmss for pc windows 7 free download

    quicken deluxe 2012 download for windows coupon free

    kodi download for pc windows 7 64 bit

    dx11 windows 10 64 bit download

    matlab windows 10 download

    psiphon free download for windows xp free

    windows xp sp3 for free download free

    adobe flash for windows 10 download

    download windows server 2016 iso free

    comodo internet security download windows 10

  • Posted on by Annasysneedo

    download driver epson p50 for windows 10metal slug download pc windows 7free download pc games 88windows 2003 xp download freedownload java windows 10 64hp laserjet 1012 driver windows 7 download freeblur car game pc downloadchrome free download 64 bit windows 10download game cars 1 pcminecraft game free download full version for pc windows 7 free
    customatic windows 10 download

    download ftlx041e dll windows xp free

    download colin mcrae dirt 2 pc game free full version

    generic usb hub driver windows 10 download

    airdroid for windows 10 free download

    bagan keyboard for pc free download

    microsoft 2007 free download for windows 8 free

    openssl 1.0.2 windows download free

    best racing pc games free download

    castle clash game for pc free download

    antivirus for pc free download 2012 full version
    download microsoft update agent for windows 7 free
    gmail download pc windows 8
    download brother ql 700 driver for windows 10
    itunes download windows vista 32 bit free

    https://fundamentservis.ru/ati-radeon-hd-2400-drivers-ati-radeon-hd-2400/
    https://bestsmiles.net.ru/download-realvnc-viewer-for-windows-10-vnc-connect/
    https://chromebrowser.ru/firefox-free-download-for-windows-10-64-bit-a-more/
    https://bestsmiles.net.ru/download-share-it-for-windows-10-laptop-download/
    https://chromebrowser.ru/english-typing-software-free-download-for-windows/

    action free download full version for pc
    mtp usb device driver download windows 7 free
    adobe illustrator download windows 10 free
    command prompt commands windows 10 pdf download
    high definition audio device windows 10 64 bit download

    usb 3.0 pci express card driver windows 7 download free
    download windows vista operating system for free free
    download game sim theme park for pc free
    download bitdefender free windows 10
    freedom fighters game cheat codes pc free download

    anydesk free download for pc windows 7
    free download world of tanks game for pc
    best music player for windows 10 free download
    asus bluetooth driver windows 10 64 bit download
    bloody roar 3 pc game download

    https://fundamentservis.ru/mp-navigator-ex-4-0-mp-navigator-ex-ver-4-03/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/adobe-presenter-11-download-create-a-deployment/
    https://bestsmiles.net.ru/download-shareit-for-windows-10-dell-laptop/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/replay-music-7-registration-code-replay-video/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/windows-7-timer-gadgets-control-system-version-2-0/

    how do i download windows defender free

    java tm platform se binary download windows 8 free

    best rpg games pc free download

    dragon ball fighterz pc game free download

    free download of photo story 3 for windows free

    call of duty black ops multiplayer free download pc

    mfplat dll windows 10 download

    elex pc game free download

    mario games for pc free download windows 10

    call of duty black ops 3 zombies pc download free

  • Posted on by Annasysneedo

    download free action war games for pcdownload minecraft latest version pc freec sharp download for windows 10download android studio sdk for windows 10free download ninjago games for pccan i download windows media center for free freedownload game ufc untuk pcwindows live onecare download freedownload trello windows 10free download xmeye for pc windows 7 8 10
    lame mp3 download windows free

    ashes cricket 2009 free download for pc

    torrent games download for pc windows 7 free

    intel turbo boost 2.0 download windows 10 64 bit

    bitdefender free download for windows 10 64 bit

    asus ai suite 2 windows 8.1 download free

    incredimail download deutsch windows 10

    chess master for pc free download

    freemind windows 10 download

    antimicro download windows free

    free download manycam for windows 10
    arduino uno usb driver download windows 10
    download font windows xp free free
    cambridge dictionary offline free download for pc
    download realplayer free for windows 10

    https://fundamentservis.ru/the-darkness-2-co-op-the-darkness-ii/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/synaptics-ps-2-port-touchpad-drivers-windows-7-2/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/gigabyte-ga-g31m-s2l-ga-g31m-s2l-rev-1-1-2-0/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/asus-m5a78l-m-plus-drivers-m5a78l-m-plus-usb3/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/kb9x-radio-switch-driver-kb9x-radio-switch-driver-2/

    download xbox 360 emulator for pc windows 10
    download problems windows xp free
    download azar for pc windows 10
    hp sd card reader driver windows 7 download free
    download intel high definition audio driver windows 10

    3d volleyball games free download for pc
    kaspersky endpoint security download windows 10
    best pc horror games free download
    download driver intel pro wireless 2200bg network connection windows 7 free
    download windows xp usb dvd tool full free

    download boot camp control panel windows 10
    sons do windows xp download free
    maxtor personal storage 3200 driver download windows xp free
    episode download for windows 10
    latex download windows 10

    https://fundamentservis.ru/guild-wars-2-microtransactions-subscribe-to-rss/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/madden-15-game-prep-madden-nfl-15-connected/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/samsung-galaxy-grand-prime-lollipop-update-galaxy/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/chanter-pillars-of-eternity-2-chanter-abilities/
    https://fundamentservis.ru/tp-link-wdn3200-will-tplink-bring-out-a-driver-for/

    don bradman cricket 14 free download for pc full version

    helvetica font download for windows 10

    bitcoin mining software free download for windows 10

    tc games download for pc windows 10

    microsoft ace oledb 12.0 download windows 10

    office for windows vista free download free

    java xp windows free download free

    windows xp home edition sp3 32 bit iso download free

    windows 8 themes for android free download free

    folder lock software for windows 10 free download full version

  • Posted on by Annasysneedo

    имя знак зодиака камень
    камень знаку зодиака дева
    камни драгоценные знаков зодиака
    аметист камень знаки зодиака
    рыба знак зодиака камни

    https://hubsternews.blogspot.com/2021/05/blog-post.html
    https://hophopnews.blogspot.com/2021/05/blog-post.html
    https://tarrdirtwormni.tumblr.com/

    знак зодиака весы камень
    знак зодиак дева камень
    камни знаков зодиака водолей
    флюорит камень знак зодиака
    драгоценные камни знака зодиака

    знак зодиака камни весы

    камни тельца знак зодиака

    июнь знак зодиака камень

    камень знак зодиака
    камни знаков зодиаков весы
    знаки зодиака камни цвет
    камень хризопраз знак зодиака
    камень стрелец знак зодиака

Leave a comment

All blog comments are checked prior to publishing

x